The author considers «methodological anarchism», or theoretical pluralism, a hot topic of today’s discussions in Russian psychology. What are we to do if different conceptions exclude or ignore each other? The author believes that polyphony is not acceptable: otherwise, psychology becomes a manipulative device in pursuit of political or commercial aims. To be a science, psychology requires a certain methodological apparatus shared by the entire psychological community. As a remedy, the author presents some recent approaches, including V.P. Bransky’s theory. The article may be of interest for psychology teachers and everyone concerned with what the author calls chaos in contemporary psychology.