Cognitive biases emerging in judgments and decision-making become an increasingly discussed topic and cause controversy and debate regarding the psychological mechanisms and underlying theories. Questions regarding rational decision-making and deviations from rationality arise in many areas of life and are of a particular interest to marketers, politicians, designers and people who bear high responsibility in making important decisions. Currently, more empirical evidence for these deviations appears in studies of cognitive biases in the areas, but also the theoretical model and the basis of the underlying mechanisms continue to be refined. This article is devoted to the latest trends regarding two-process theories of thinking and the subsequent criticism. The development of these theories and their varieties is described in detail and the main trends based on these theories are highlighted. One of the aspects in current trends of the two-process theories is the study of individual differences on the use of the two systems and the level of tendency to cognitive biases. Another direction is the practical component, which is based on these effects. In a digital environment, cognitive-biases-based techniques are actively used by interface designers. The article presents nudging and boosting methods in which with the help of changes in the digital environment the user's choice can be directed towards a certain alternative, while the actual choice remains. These techniques also have critical comments on the appropriateness of the application and their actual effectiveness, which requires additional theoretical and practical research in this area.