One of the innovative trends in modern studies of human nature is a study of reflection. The article contains the analysis of development of reflection problems in European culture, the differentiation of stages and generalization of achievements of its elaboration in philosophy and psychology in the context of interaction of the main methodological orientations of scientific cognition: in humanities and culturology, in natural-science and in technical or technological dimensions. At the same time the experience of psycho-technological mastering of reflection processes is presented in the context of research of individual differences and economic behavior of an individual which are run on the Faculty of Psychology of Higher Economics School.