Any attempt in systematic definition of psychology’s subject matter inevitably leads to the question of the inner world of human psyche. Evidence of the reality of this world ranges from everyday experience to the experiments with electric irritation of deep brain structures. The article analyses the appearance and development of the inner psychic world of a child. It addresses the following issues: representation of the outer in the inner; identification of the soulwith the innerworld; patterns in its functioning. The author formulates psychology’s major task as a search of regularities in the development of the inner world and in the ways it is reflected in actual behavior.