@ARTICLE{26583223_26978281_2007, 
	author = {Alexander Poddiakov}, 
	keywords = {},
	title = {Alter-altruism},
	journal = {Psychology. Journal of Higher School of Economics},
	year = {2007},
	volume = {4},
	number = {3},
	pages = {98-107},
	url = {https://psy-journal.hse.ru/en/2007-4-3/26978281.html},
	publisher = {},
	abstract = {The paper contains evidence that within a traditional concept of altruism representations of two essentially different types of non-egoistic aims and behaviors are not differentiated. The first type supposes a general humanistic aim to help other people without their special differentiation. The second type supposes that a subject while ignoring his own interests helps another subject in a particular way — by doing damage to his rivals. The concept «alternative altruism», or «alter-altruism» is proposed for the latter type of attitude and behavior. The classification of different human activities in a three-dimensional space «cooperation-counteraction-execution/ reflection» is presented. Manifestations of alter-altruism towards «enemies» and «allies» are being described. Moral dilemmas of alter-altruistic activities are discussed and future research aims are set.},
	annote = {The paper contains evidence that within a traditional concept of altruism representations of two essentially different types of non-egoistic aims and behaviors are not differentiated. The first type supposes a general humanistic aim to help other people without their special differentiation. The second type supposes that a subject while ignoring his own interests helps another subject in a particular way — by doing damage to his rivals. The concept «alternative altruism», or «alter-altruism» is proposed for the latter type of attitude and behavior. The classification of different human activities in a three-dimensional space «cooperation-counteraction-execution/ reflection» is presented. Manifestations of alter-altruism towards «enemies» and «allies» are being described. Moral dilemmas of alter-altruistic activities are discussed and future research aims are set.}
}